Impact of Cell Phone Uasage on Students Acedemic...

IMPACT OF MOBILE PHONE’S USAGE ON STUDENT’S ACADEMIC PERFORMACE, SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP AND SAFETY. INTRODUCTION:- Since the commercialization of cellular phones technology, the use of this communication device has rapidly increased. This technology was first introduced by Motorola in the early 1980’s (Harman, Brittney A., 2011). Today, the global cellular phone market now stands at approximately 1.8 billion subscribers, and is forecasted to reach 3 billion by the end of 2010 (Reid and Reid, 2007). The adoption of mobile phones by young generation has been a global phenomenon in recent years. This cell phone was originally created for adults for business use (Aoki Downes, 2003). It has become an integral part of adolescent’s daily†¦show more content†¦In 2005, the number of mobile phone subscribers worldwide will reach 2 billion (Deloitte Research, 2005) and in Australia will reach 19.2 million (Fisher, 2005). Various surveys worldwide have found high rates of mobile phone use amongst young people. In Norway in 1999, 80% of 13 to 20-year-olds owned a mobile phone, while i n the United Kingdom in 2001, 90% of young people under the age of 16 did so (www.capacitybuilder.co.uk). In 2003, in Italy, 56% of children aged 9 and 10-years-old owned mobile phones and of the 44% who didn’t, all expressed a desire to own one (Guardian Unlimited, 2003), and amongst teenage girls in Tokyo, the adoption rate is almost 100% (Srivastava, 2005). In Australia in 2004, a survey by iTouch found that 50,000 children aged between 5 and 9 years of age owned a mobile phone, one third of children aged 10 to 13-years old and 45% of 13 to 15-year-olds also owned the device (Allison, 2004). Surveys have consistently shown that young people even prefer their mobile phone to television or the Internet (Enpocket, 2005; Hession, 2001). It is children’s favourite method of communication (Livingstone Bober, 2005) with younger adolescents (school years 7 to 9) more attached to their mobile phones than older adolescents (school years 10 to 12) as they reported needing to return home to collect their phone if they forget it (Matthews, 2004). Young

The War Of 1812 And The United States - 1427 Words

The War of 1812 is the second war between the United States of America and Great Britain that ends in a draw. Also referred to as the â€Å"Second War of Independence,† the cause of this military conflict is often believed to be a direct result of England’s attempt to humiliate the United States, limit the country’s growth and impact (acts of interference towards American trade, which is a sign of disrespect towards American independence), and acts of impressment (taking sailors off American vessels and forcing them into providing services for the British Royal Navy). Although the ultimate outcome of the War of 1812 results in a tie, the Americans have faced several challenges during the presence of their second dispute with Britain. Arguably, the main reason that caused the United States to struggle during this â€Å"Second War of Independence,† is how unprepared the nation is when it comes to fighting another series of battles. During the War of 1812, the power of the army and navy forces in the United States of America seems to be lacking in both its quantity and quality value of soldiers, weapons, and supplies. In comparison to Great Britain, who, at the time, has the leading military in the world, boasting both a powerful army and navy, the Americans appears to be at a clear disadvantage. According to primary and secondary sources on www.napoleanseries.org, during the War of 1812, there were approximately 250,000 soldiers in the British Army and approximately 500Show MoreRelatedThe United States And The War Of 18121144 Words   |  5 Pages The United States of America triumphed in the Revolutionary War, emerging as an independent nation. Thereafter, they had an arduous task of building their economy and earning recognition amongst other nations. George Washington, the presiding president, promoted Alexander Hamilton, a thirty-four year old former officer of the Continental Army, as the Secretary of Treasury. He devised plans on how to simultaneously generate revenue and deal with war debts. Inevitably, the United States encounteredRead MoreThe War Of 1812 And The United States1716 Words   |  7 Pagesformed United States. The war of 1812 is often referred to as the United States second war for independence because, like the Revolutionary War, it was fought against England. This war was the result of many years of a tension among both countries. It both surprised the British and concerned many Americans who believed that this war was an unwise effort. This was not because there was not reasons to go to war with Englan d. But rather because United States had avoided war for so long that when war wasRead MoreThe War Of 1812 And The United States1699 Words   |  7 PagesThe War of 1812 is often referred to as â€Å" Mr. Madison s War,† because at the time, federalists believed that their current president, James Madison declared war, without the approval of congress. At the time, the new united nation but somewhat divided was being controlled under the rule of the great power of Great Britain. Great Britain had a strong connection with the northern states of the United States, because of the constant trade going on between them. As the, Federalists got richer, the BritishRead MoreThe War Of 1812 And The United States Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe War of 1812 was the result of an ongoing feud between France, Great Britain, and the United States. The causes of the war included Britain attempt to restrict trade between France and the United States, Britain’s navy intimidating Amer ican seamen and the U.S. attempt to expand their territory. Before going into the war, the United States was fully aware that Britain had the greatest naval power in the world so this would be the costliest war financially and physically. The United States knewRead MoreThe War Of 1812 And The United States1633 Words   |  7 PagesThe War of 1812 took place between the Americans and Great Britain because of the impressment of Americans sailors by the British and the passing of the Embargo Act by Congress and President Thomas Jefferson. The British navy would impress sailors from American ships and force the American sailors to board the British ships and to join the British navy. The second reason that the War of 1812 occurred was because of the Embargo Act of 1807. This act was passed by Congress and Jefferson and it stoppedRead MoreThe War Of 1812 And The United States1422 Words   |  6 PagesIn the year 1812, just 29 years after the American Revolution, the United States was a lready confronted with another War against their mother country. Ever since their last war, conflict has been brewing up between the two countries. Since the 1790s, American leaders like Presidents Washington and John Adams was trying to avoid with France and England. In 1793, the Proclamation of neutrality was passed, under Washington s presidency. In 1800, President Adams agreed to the Convention of 1800, whichRead MoreThe War Of 1812 And The United States820 Words   |  4 Pages The War of 1812 was brought about by a multitude of factors including international trade restrictions, the capture of American sailors by the British Royal Navy, and the United States attempts at expanding its territory. The various parties involved in this war are the Americans, the British, the Canadians (then a british colony), the Native Americans, and the Africans. While the main conflict of this war was between White America and the British, the Native Americans and African slaves found themselve sRead MoreThe War Of 1812 During The United States1308 Words   |  6 PagesA war time economy in the United States has proven to be a way to bring the people of America together, boost the economy, and inspire nationalism. The War of 1812 did much to follow this trend. By shutting off trade with Great Britain for a few years, United States manufacturers were able to establish their industries and develop a dependency from the people of America. In these ways, the War of 1812 helped create a scenario that allowed the United States to proliferate following the war. TheRead MoreThe War Of 1812 And The United States Army Essay1309 Words   |  6 PagesBritish forces (). From then on out the United States Army has seen multiple wars from the War of 1812 to present wars today, and will continue to be one the many forces to protect the USA. Now over the years, the United States Army has had to shift the way it conducts its soldiers to fight in the wars and how to be proficient in battl e; even with the new warfare tactics that our enemies are developing daily. Like any other unified team, how does the United States Army gain leverage against our enemiesRead MoreThe War Of 1812 Was A Conflict Between The United States854 Words   |  4 Pages The War of 1812 was a conflict between the United States and Britain that began in 1812 and lasted until early 1815. A declaration of war was requested by President James Madison to protect American ships on the high seas and to stop the British from stopping ships and capturing United States by both Great Britain and France. President Madison sought to prevent Britain from creating alliances with Native Americans on the American frontier. Americans in the West and South, who hoped to increase the

Why John a Macdonald Is Consider One of the Greaters Prime Minister Free Essays

The greatest prime minister in Canada Introduction †¢After 143 of Canada been created by the father of confederation, it can be realize that nothing of this would have happen if it was for the persistence of Prime Minister John A. Macdonald †¢Three British colonies were formed into four Canadian provinces. The British Province of Canada was divided into the new Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and two other British colonies, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, also became provinces of Canada. We will write a custom essay sample on Why John a Macdonald Is Consider One of the Greaters Prime Minister or any similar topic only for you Order Now Promise to connect west with east and in today’s environment that connection is still and icon in Canadians †¢Convince one important person in Nova Scotia so that this province would not retired from the confederation †¢Server 2 term in †¢He is consider one of the father or confederation †¢Second longest prime minister in Canada history †¢Only prime minister with six majority governments †¢won praise for having helped forge a nation of sprawling geographic size, with two diverse European colonial origins, numerous Aboriginal nations, and a multiplicity of cultural backgrounds and political views Thesis Sir John A. Macdonald, Canada’s greatest Prime Minister was responsible for the founding of Canada and work hard to make this nation stable and prosperous The greatest prime minister in Canada Introduction †¢After 143 of Canada been created by the father of confederation, it can be realize that nothing of this would have happen if it was for the persistence of Prime Minister John A. Macdonald †¢Three British colonies were formed into four Canadian provinces. The British Province of Canada was divided into the new Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and two other British colonies, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, also became provinces of Canada. †¢Promise to connect west with east and in today’s environment that connection is still and icon in Canadians †¢Convince one important person in Nova Scotia so that this province would not retired from the confederation †¢Server 2 term in †¢He is consider one of the father or confederation Second longest prime minister in Canada history †¢Only prime minister with six majority governments †¢won praise for having helped forge a nation of sprawling geographic size, with two diverse European colonial origins, numerous Aboriginal nations, and a multiplicity of cultural backgrounds and political views Thesis †¢Sir John A. Macdonald, Canada’s greatest Prime Minister was responsible for the founding of Canada and work hard to make this nation stable and prosperous How to cite Why John a Macdonald Is Consider One of the Greaters Prime Minister, Papers

Drug testing for welfare free essay sample

United States lawmakers face one of the most pressing issues of our time-welfare reform. New screening processes, often considered a direct violation of constitutional rights, have already been enacted in many states. Strong evidence exists, asserting that the practice of administering drug testing to welfare recipients will cost the U. S. taxpayers more money in the long run, stigmatize applicants and participants, and serve only the purpose of making the pharmaceutical companies more powerful. In order to protect the constitutional rights of potential welfare recipients, United States lawmakers should avoid further criminalizing the poor by submitting them to drug testing and/or a nationwide welfare registry. This year, 29 states have either proposed or already passed legislation calling for drug testing to receive welfare benefits. Brian Kelley reports that of those 29 states, several are seeing a great deal of financial loss as a result of this legislation: During the past year, the state of Utah has spent over $30,000 giving drug tests to welfare recipients. In that time period, only 2. 6 percent of those tested were found to have used illegal substances — well below the national use rate of 8. 9 percent (1). Kelley goes on to report: In 2012, three years and 87,000 screenings later, only one person had failed a drug test. Total savings from denying that one person benefits? $560. Total benefits paid out in that time? $200 million. Even if we include the savings from cutting benefits to the 1,633 people who didn’t return the pre-test survey, it brings the total to only 0. 1 percent of the amount distributed over that period . The numbers do not lie—little evidence exists that supports the claim that drug testing recipients will save money. Striving to prove that the main source of the drug problem in the United States lies in the recipients of the welfare program, policymakers continue to work fervently. The overgeneralization of the poor as drug users has become common practice in Washington. Lawmakers seem to feel that because recipients receive government funding, they in turn give up their constitutional rights as U. S. citizens. The practice of criminalizing the  poor has become commonplace in the creation of U. S. governmental policy. Karen Gustafson is someone who knows a lot about the criminalization of the poor. She has spent much of her time researching and writing about just that. According to Gustafson, â€Å"The public desire to deter and punish welfare cheating has overwhelmed the will to provide economic security to vulnerable members of society (644). † Because of the misuse of welfare funds by a few, the entire underprivileged population has been targeted as criminals—as lazy, drug abusing sponges. Over the past several decades, the United States government has spent billions of dollars in an effort to catch and prosecute those who are abusing the welfare system. This practice is necessary in order to rid the welfare system of abusers. However, often overlooked is the fact that there are many recipients who are not drug users and are still in need of aid. It is the duty of the U. S. government to provide aid without encouraging potential participants to feel like they are being considered as potential criminals from the very beginning of the application process. The cross-agency process involved in the welfare and criminal justice systems is unconstitutional and an invasion of the privacy of the American underprivileged. As welfare reform began to take place so did the social misconception that recipients are criminals did as well. In fact, welfare recipients often receive the same treatment as parolees and probationers. This is in part due to the fact that too many law enforcement techniques are embedded in the welfare system. Gustafson tells us: Her social security number has been matched against state and national criminal records. The financial information she has provided has been matched against various employment databases, IRS records, and Franchise Tax Board records [†¦]. Her personal information has been entered into the welfare system’s database, which may be accessed by law enforcement officers without any basis for suspicion [†¦]. All of this has occurred before she has received a single welfare check (645). There is no doubt that those Americans in need of assistance have been subjected to unconstitutional treatment by the welfare program. As a result of the criminal actions of a few, all of the needy are being unfairly scrutinized. The implementation of unfounded drug testing in addition to the already criminalizing application process will only serve to further stigmatize the needy—and all in the name of the mighty dollar. Some believe that it is not the quest to save money that is the driving force behind the push for this legislation. Rather, it is a desire to make millions for the pharmaceutical companies that lawmakers are seeking to achieve. Lobbyist interference from multi-million dollar pharmaceutical companies has heavily influenced Washington lawmakers’ policymaking. These pharmaceutical companies have their hand in much of the United States lawmaking practice. These powerful corporations stand to make a lot of money from the sale of drug testing supplies and services to the U. S. government. Macdonald reports: [†¦] several Republican lawmakers in Congress have pushed hard for the mandatory drug testing of anyone, anywhere, applying for welfare. Leading the charge in the senate is Orrin Hatch [†¦] who received $8,000 campaign contributions in 2012 from the political action committee of Laboratory Corporation of America (LabCorp), [†¦] $3000 from another political action committee to which LabCorp contributes, [†¦] as well as $4000 in campaign contributions from [†¦] another company with major interests in drug testing, Abbott Laboratories (15). According to Macdonald, Orrin Hatch is not the only lawmaker with these corporations in his pocket. â€Å"GOP Congressman Charles Boustany [†¦] received $15,000 from Abbott Laboratories (15). † The fact that Congressmen and women are receiving contributions from pharmaceutical companies is disturbing to say the least. The American underprivileged do not stand a chance at ever overcoming their circumstances as long as lawmakers continue to be driven by greed, rather than their best interest. If United States lawmakers really had the best interest of the underprivileged in mind, they would be focusing fewer resources on treating those who test positive for substance abuse and more on the underlying mental and physical causes for the abuse. Pollack tells us, â€Å"Even among women who reported recent illicit substance abuse, depression, physical health problems and limited education were actually more common barriers to self-sufficiency and social functioning (2). † Pollack further states, â€Å"Most welfare recipients [†¦] were casual marijuana users who didn’t meet screening criteria for marijuana (or other substance use) disorders. Ironically, chemical testing technologies were most sensitive to identifying marijuana users who rarely needed addiction services (2). † Mental and physical disabilities and the lack of healthcare are often the underlying cause of drug use to begin with as a means of self-medication. These issues receive far too little attention in the U. S. government policy decisions, unlike that of drug use. Pollack’s research outlines the statistical data on illicit drug use as it compares to mental and physical health problems: However one runs the numbers, illicit drug use disorders are not common among welfare recipients. Other physical and mental health problems are far more prevalent. Yet these less-moralized concerns receive much less attention from legislators or the general public. Twenty-five percent of welfare recipients in the Michigan’s Women’s Employment Study met criteria for major depression, for example. Forty-Seven percent reported transportation difficulties. Nineteen percent had a physical health problem . It is clear that due to inaccessibility of affordable healthcare, many of the participants are unable to afford sufficient medical or psychiatric treatment. If resources are made available for the treatment of these core issues, the U.S. would not only have a healthier lower class, but also a decrease in the need to drug test welfare recipients. It is likely that with proper medical and psychological treatment, participants will be more capable of maintaining gainful employment, therefore strengthening the U. S. economy and lowering the number of Americans on welfare and disability. â€Å"Proponents say the bill is needed to prevent some welfare recipients from using taxpayer money to buy illegal drugs ,† states reporter Corey Friedman. This is a long-standing argument in Congress and on the streets of this country. Unfortunately, attitudes just like this one are the reason why welfare recipients continue to be stigmatized and judged by those who may know them, whether it is the cashier at the grocery store or the childcare provider who receives their state-paid childcare stipends. There are many welfare recipients who do work, and are unable to make ends meet in the recent economic downturn. These people are not using their funds to buy drugs. It is unfair that they are still potentially viewed as criminals by the system and the American public. As a whole, lawmakers are not successfully finding ways to improve the welfare system in America. Many of the issues that are being addressed in the Senate are valid in reference to the misallocation of government funds within the welfare system. However, the use of drug screenings as an eligibility tool only serves to cost more taxpayer money, further criminalize the poor, and ignore the underlying problems of mental and physical health issues within the welfare population. Until we address these key issues, we will continue to see wasteful spending within the state and federal governmental processes. In addition, the continual mistreatment of said recipients will only serve to further marginalize these people and prevent them from overcoming their circumstances. Unless lawmakers recognize the underlying issues for the drug use, they will never be able to solve the nation’s drug problem as it related to the welfare population.